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Outdoor Pergola-How to Choose the Right Wood for An Outdoor Pergola by Ross Crawford
An outdoor pergola must be one of the most appealing garden landscaping structures, especially if made of wood. Unlike a gazebo, pergolas and their smaller derivative arbors have an open top consisting of a set of joists at regular spans assembled over the main beams. The top is supported by four or more posts for free standing pergolas, or two or more for attached pergolas. The structure resembles that of a deck frame without the floor boards and with the joist over hanging for added grace.
Wood pergolas are arguably the most attractive landscaping accessories for a garden due to their ability to blend in seamlessly and naturally with the greenery. However, not all woods are suitable for outdoor applications because of the high wear and tear inflicted upon them by the elements and insects. UVA, rain, fungi, decay and termites are the most common culprits for the short life of a wooden structure, but only if the wood of choice is poor.
In fact, there are several high grade woods that are highly recommended for any outdoor structure, including pergolas. Such woods may differ for color and hardness, making them more or less suitable for structural parts, but they all are impervious to rot, insects, sun rays and water, lasting up to many decades.
The best woods for an outdoor pergola are western red cedar, redwoods, southern cypress, pressure treated pine and tropical hard woods. The last ones come from South East Asia and are the toughest of the list, are impervious to anything and last many decades, but are difficult to get hold of for because of the distance. They have a deep red color, are very hard and suitable also for heavy structural parts but they require pre drilling before nailing due to their outstanding hardness. The downside is that they are the most expensive and there is an ecological issue about their harvesting.
More easily accessible and cheaper are redwoods. As the name implies, they are also red but of a lighter tone tan tropical woods, suitable for ornamental and structural parts. They can be stained to preserve their color that otherwise would turn to silver over time. Redwoods are very popular for decks, rails and pergolas, however they are still expensive and often used just for the most visible parts to save on the budget. They are resistant to decay, termites, fungi and weather.
Western red cedar is very popular, resistant to the elements, rot and insects and a little cheaper than redwoods, the further away from Western U.S, the more expensive. However, cedar is not suitable for load bearing structural parts because is softer, so its use is confined to light ornamental structures like pergolas. This is no problem, as it is very durable and suitable for outdoor applications and easy to stain.
Southern cypress is similar to redwoods for durability, performance and costs. It is more expensive the further away from south east U.S. It is golden colored and suitable for wood staining to increase its durability even further. Cypress is tough and resistant to everything as the woods above but must be kiln dried properly before use, or it will warp under construction.
Pressure treated pine, or sometimes fir, is the cheapest option of the list as it cost half as much as cedar, a quarter of redwoods and much less than tropical hard woods. Pressure treated lumber has similar performance to the other woods in terms of durability and resistance to rain, UVA, rot and fungi, however its insect repellent properties are not natural but obtained with arsenate treatment. Arsenate is a powerful insecticide that has been documented as the cause of people getting ill while working with treated lumber. However, today there are woods treated with less toxic chemicals than arsenate, so it is better to check this out if buying pressure treated lumber.
About the Author
Read more detailed information on how to build an wood pergola.
Check out these pergola designs for DIY projects.
